Design Of System Information

• Design files and database

The database design is the process of determining the organization of a database, including its structure, content and applications to be developed.

The database design has come to be part of the general education of the computer, at the same level as the ability to build algorithms using a conventional programming language.

The database design is now considered a stable discipline, methods and techniques.

The databases are essential components of information systems, routinely used in all computers. The database design has become a popular activity, developed not only professionals but also by non-specialists.

The database technology now has a theoretical framework, which includes relational database theory, query processing and optimization, concurrency control, transaction management and recovery, etc..

The design of a database is a complex process involving many different decision levels.

• File Handling

The conceptual design objective is to describe the information content of the database and no storage structures that will be needed to handle this information.

One of the main functions of an operating system is storage management, for which it is necessary to have a "File System."

File organizations have evolved over time. At first, the files were on tape, so that access was sequential and therefore increased the cost of access as the file grew in size. Since large files could not handle sequentially, the appearance of the disks led to begin using the indexes.
An index is a small file with a list of keys and pointers where the search is faster.

A file is a collection of data that is stored on a physical medium and which is assigned a name. The home directory of that hierarchy is called root and is symbolized by a forward slash (/).

 

• Organization of data or hardware or software

The logical design of the conceptual framework and results in a logical pattern. A logical schema is a description of the structure of the database in terms of data structures that can process one type of DBMS. A logic model is a language used to specify logical schema (relational model, network model, etc..). The logical design depends on the type of DBMS that will be used not depend on the particular product.

The physical design of the logical framework and results in a physical layout. A physical schema is a description of the implementation of a database in secondary memory, storage structures and methods used to have efficient access to data. Therefore, the physical design depends on the specific DBMS and the physical schema is expressed by its data definition language.

Logical design specifies what is stored in the physical design specifies how to save. The physical design is not an isolated step, as some decisions taken during its development, for example to improve performance, can lead to a restructuring of the logical schema.

• Administration of a database (DBMS English)

The database management system, or DBMS, is a computer software program that is designed as the means of managing all databases that are currently installed on a system hard drive or network.

Different types of database management systems exist, with some of them designed for the oversight and proper control of databases that are configured for specific purposes.

This means that it is possible to designate one or more database administrators who may control each function, as well as provide other users with various levels of administration rights.

Data structures are what allows DBMS to interact with the data without causing and damage to the integrity of the data itself.

The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs.

A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. DBMSs are categorized according to their data structures or types.

The DBMS accepts requests for data from an application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.